Press of Ukrainian emigrants in the USA: on the issue of formation of national identity (on the example of "Svoboda")

The article is dedicated to the emigration of Ukrainian-language press, in particular the newspaper "Svoboda" (USA) for the period from 1893 to 1903. This paper examines definitions of “the Ukrainian press” and “national identity”. The article examines the role of Ukrainian emigration periodicals from the example of the Svoboda newspaper in preserving ethnic, cultural, religious identity, and the adaptation of migrants to the new habitat. This article describes how Ukrainians interact with the press in the context of intercultural communication in America. The paper uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, description and comparison, which allowed us to analyze the scientific works involved in our research and the array of empirical material presented by the issues of the edition "Svoboda". The applied methods made it possible to determine the place of the Ukrainian emigration press in the system of intercultural communications. The article explains that from the first days of its existence, the newspaper began to involve its supporters in the public life of the Diaspora, to draw attention to the preservation of the native language, Ukrainian culture and Ukraine in general. Thus, the "Svoboda" served as a mediator among its many readers, served as a means of communication of the Diaspora with the homeland, and also allowed to take a prominent place among the US public. The emergence of the Ukrainian press abroad is seen as an important stage, a milestone in the development and popularization of Ukrainian issues and issues abroad. Study of the "Svoboda" publications of the late XIX - early XX centuries opens a channel to provide reasoned answers to the question of where the roots of the formation of overseas Ukrainian community within the existing nation-state begin. The author concludes that powerful national development is only possible while maintaining unity and resistance to complete assimilation of the non-ethnic elements of language, culture, religion, and traditions